1	Basic Principles of Democracy
2	Basic Principles of Democracy and Theories of Modern Democracy
3	Transformations Involving the Sharing of Sovereignty Meşveret, Şer’i Hüccet, Sened-i İttifak
4	Transformations Involving the Sharing of Sovereignty Tanzimat and Reforms After Tanzimat
5	Establishment of Constitutional Order in the Ottoman Empire: I. Constitutional Monarchy
6	Second Constitutional Monarchy and Transition to a Parliamentary System
7	The Era of the Committee of Union and Progress (Ittihad ve Terakki)
8	Formation of Political Participation at the Beginning of the Turkish War of Independence
9	Midterm Exam
10	Democratic Movements During the Turkish War of Independence (1920-1923)
11	he Republic and the Formation of Political Parties
12	The Era of Takriri Sükun and Beyond (1923-1931)
13	Single-Party Era
14	The Era of the National Chief (Milli Şef), World War II, and the End of the Single-Party

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