1	A general framework is provided regarding the historical and sociological foundations of the concept of "mass," the social functions of communication, and the meaning of the "mass" in modern society.
2	The social impact of the printing press, the birth of journalism, the development of propaganda techniques, and the relationship between mass communication and nation-states are discussed.
3	The concept of the culture industry is examined from the perspective of the Frankfurt School, discussing the relationship between art, entertainment, and ideology through Adorno and Horkheimer’s critiques of mass culture.
4	The formal power of media, the technology-human extension relationship, and the concept of the culture industry are addressed through Antonio Gramsci’s approach to "hegemony and consent."
5	The ideological functions of the media are discussed through Louis Althusser’s theory of ideological apparatuses and Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony.
6	Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding model is examined, analyzing the production of meaning, the social structure of representation, and the negotiation of meaning with the audience.
7	Marshall McLuhan’s "the medium is the message" approach is addressed, covering the formal power of media, the technology-human extension relationship, and the concept of media ecology.
8	A written exam and a short analysis study are conducted.
9	Popular culture is discussed as a field of resistance and negotiation from the Birmingham School’s cultural studies perspective, including analyses of the active audience approach, fandom culture, reception studies, and the audience-society relationship.
10	The dissolution of boundaries between media and reality is discussed through Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulation and hyperreality.
11	News manipulation, propaganda, disinformation, ethical dilemmas, and the responsibility of media professionals are addressed.
12	Discussions are held on new media, social networks, algorithmic culture, and the data society.
13	The concepts of the politics of the visual, image economy, screen aesthetics, and visual meaning production are examined.
14	Student analysis projects are presented and the conceptual framework of the semester is evaluated holistically.

- Adorno, Theodor W. & Horkheimer, Max. Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği.
- McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man.
- Hall, Stuart. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices.
- Baudrillard, Jean. Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon.
- Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society.
- Thompson, John B. Medya ve Modernite.
- Castells, Manuel. Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi.
- Habermas, Jürgen. Kamusal Alanın Yapısal Dönüşümü.
- Kellner, Douglas. Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern.
- Fiske, John. Understanding Popular Culture.
- Berger, John. Görme Biçimleri.
- Lister, Martin et al. New Media: A Critical Introduction.
- Jenkins, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide.
- Morley, David. Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies.